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Summary

You have now completed this activity. Here is a summary of the key points:

- Neurobiological control of bladder filling and emptying is complex and involves a number of different parts of the nervous system

- Lower urinary tract symptoms are divided into storage symptoms, voiding symptoms or post-micturition symptoms

- Lower urinary tract symptoms can be caused by a number of different aetiologies

- Lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence can have a negative impact on quality of life.

- Validated tools have been developed for the assessment of quality of life associated with urinary incontinence.