Doses and Biological Effects

• Introduction
• Four Basic Radiation Types
  • Introduction
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Beta +
  • Gamma
  • Quiz
• Classification of Biological Effects
  • Introduction
  • Source of Data
  • Basic Radiobiology
  • Deterministic Effects
  • Stochastic effects
  • Quiz 1
  • Hereditary defects
  • Factors affecting damage to cells
  • Types of cell damage
  • Quiz 2
• Concepts of Risk
  • Introduction
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Loss of Life Expectancy
  • Risks relative to other occupations
  • Quiz 1
  • Sources of Exposure
  • Data on occupational exposure
  • Total Radiation Dose to the UK Population
  • Quiz 2
• Annual Limits on Intake (ALI)
  • Introduction
  • ALI factors
  • ALI Models
  • Quiz
• Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD)
  • Introduction
  • Steps in the MIRD Calculation
  • Further Information
  • Quiz
• Key Points

Annual Limits on Intake (ALI)

ALI Models

There are various models to describe retention by the lung and distribution to other tissues.  The ALI for inhalation in the table below is derived from the model that produces the lowest ALI. 

Table: Annual limit on intake for some radioactive isotopes (MBq/year )

Nuclide	Ingestion	Inhalation
3H	1000	1000
14C	40	40
99mTc	1000	1000
32P	8	5
133Xe	-	50000
35S	70	30
36Cl	20	3
42K	50	50
131I	0.8	0.8
57Co	60	8
125I	1	1
123I	90	90
18F	400	900

From ICRP Publication 61

 

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